Biography of Pablo Neruda
PABLO NERUDA
Born Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto in the
town of Parral in southern Chile on July 12, 1904, Pablo Neruda led a life
charged with poetic and political activity. In 1923 he sold all of his
possessions to finance the publication of his first book, Twilight. He
published the volume under the pseudonym "Pablo Neruda" to avoid
conflict with his family, who disapproved of his occupation. The following
year, He found a publisher for Twenty Love Poems and a Desperate Song
("Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair"). The book made a
celebrity of Neruda, who gave up his studies at the age of twenty to devote
himself to his craft.
In 1927, Neruda began his long career as a diplomat
in the Latin American tradition of honoring poets with diplomatic assignments.
After serving as honorary consul in Burma, Neruda was named Chilean consul in
Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1933. While there, he began a friendship with the
visiting Spanish poet Federico García Lorca. After transferring to Madrid later
that year, Neruda also met Spanish writer Manuel Altolaguirre. Together the two
men founded a literary review called Green Horse for Poetry in 1935. The
outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 interrupted Neruda's poetic and
political development. He have chronicled the horrendous years which included
the execution of Garcia Lorca in Spain in the heart (1937), published from the
war front. He has moved to Paris and helped settle Spanish republican refugees
in Chile. He has moved to Paris and helped settle Republican refugees in Chile.
Neruda returned to Chile in 1938 where he renewed
his political activity and wrote prolifically. Named Chilean Consul to Mexico
in 1939, Neruda left Chile again for four years. Upon returning to Chile in
1943, he was elected to the Senate and joined the Communist Party. When the
Chilean government moved to the right, they declared illegal communism and
expelled Neruda from the Senate. He went into hiding. During those years He have
written and published General Canto (1950).
In 1952 the government withdrew the order to arrest
leftist writers and political figures, and Neruda returned to Chile and married
Matilde Urrutia, his third wife (his first two marriages, to Maria Antonieta
Haagenar Vogelzang and Delia del Carril, both ended in divorce). For the next
twenty-one years, he has continued the career that integrated private and
public concerns and became known as the people's poet. During this time, Neruda
received numerous prestigious awards, including the International Peace Prize
in 1950, the Lenin Peace Prize and the Stalin Peace Prize in 1953, and the
Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971.
Diagnosed with cancer while serving a two-year term
as ambassador to France, Neruda resigned his position, ending his diplomatic
career. On September 23, 1973, just twelve days after the defeat of Chile's
democratic regime, the man widely regarded as the greatest Latin American poet
since Darío died in Santiago, Chile.
Alumnas Caterina Bergaló y Valentina Aizcorbe
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